Hanoi will organise seven special tourism programmes to celebrate the millennial birthday of the capital city in 2010, according to the Hanoi Cultural, Sports and Tourism Department.
Skillfulness
Bringing the quintessence to Hanoi * Business villages, streets, guilds * Not only have brains and hands * The qualification of workers ‘conscience * Business town specialized street
Sowing the Trang An elegance in every family
We all know and are proud that Hanoi is the thousand-year civilized Thang Long land strip; Hanoi is a heroic capital in struggling to protect the country and in creating and labor; Hanoi is the city for peace, the center of politic, culture, science… Mentioning Hanoi, we cannot help emphasizing that this is the elegant Trang An land strip.
The one-thousand-year civilized land
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The youth of Hanoi today
Mentioning Hanoi, people immediately thinks of a thousand-year cultural quintessence with the values which were recognized, honored and became the symbol of Vietnam. They are the thirty six antique streets, One-Pillar pagoda, Quoc Tu Giam Temple of literature, Hoan Kiem Lake, etc.
Craftsman Nguyen Ba Muu: Who brings dried flowers to art
In Ha Noi capital, when talking about flowers and decorative plants, people always think about well-known flower villages, such as Ngoc Ha, Nhat Tan, Tay Tuu and Me Linh. But in the field of making dried flower, only name was mentioned. He is the craftsman Nguyen Ba Muu. He is the vanguard in making dried flowers and using them to create vivid and colorful pictures.
Showing posts with label The Road to Thang Long. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Road to Thang Long. Show all posts
Monday, August 2, 2010
Sunday, August 1, 2010
VGP to open online talks on Thăng Long–Hà Nội’s millennium imprints
VGP – The Việt Nam Government Web Portal (VGP) will host an online talk, themed “Thousand-year imprints of Thăng Long–Hà Nội,” on July 3, the date marking 100 remaining days towards the grand anniversary of the capital city.
Thang Long citadel to be considered for UNESCO recognition
The World Heritage Committee will consider the request for the inscription of the Thang Long Royal Citadel on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage sites when it convents its 34 th session in Brazil from July 25 to August 3.
Talk show on millennium imprints of Thăng Long–Hà Nội
VGP – A talk show was kick-started this morning at the headquarters of VGP in Hà Nội, focusing on the thousand-year civilization of Thăng Long–Hà Nội, the preparation for the city’s millennium anniversary, and the conservation of its tangible and intangible cultural heritages.
Japan financially helps to preserve Thăng Long–Hà Nội cultural heritage site
VGP - UNESCO and the Hà Nội People’s Committee on Wednesday in Hà Nội signed the project “Preserving the cultural heritage site of Thăng Long-Hà Nội,” under which a Japanese trust fund will offer over US $1.1 million.
Pottery from Thăng Long Citadel
VGP - The new archaeological discoveries at the Thăng Long Citadel in Ba Đình District have opened up new doors for studies of Thăng Long pottery.
Thăng Long Royal Citadel opened for public visitors
VGP – Under the decision of Permanent Deputy PM Nguyễn Sinh Hùng, the Thăng Long Royal Citadel vestige complex will receive visitors on the occasion of the 1000th anniversary of Thăng Long–Hà Nội.
Thăng Long royal citadel – An invaluable heritage
VGP - Under the Cultural Heritage Law, the Government assigned the Institute of Archaeology to conduct an excavation on an area of ten thousand square meters near Ba Đình Square in Hà Nội. Vast arrays of relics and artifacts have been revealed.
A new understanding
VGP - With the Vietnamese government’s permission in late 2002 and early 2003 to open to the public the largest-ever archaeological site near Ba Đình Square in the center of Hà Nội, Việt Nam’s urban archaeology has been officially born.
Vestiges of different historical periods
VGP - From 2002 to the end of 2003, an archaeological excavation was carried out on a 40,000 square meter site. The site is located at Hoàng Diệu Street, Ba Đình District, Hà Nội. About 20,000 sq.m were excavated and divided into 4 sections which are coded as A, B, C, and D. The depth of each archaeological lot is about 4 meters, which includes many artifacts from different dynasties.
Vestiges of different historical periods
VGP - From 2002 to the end of 2003, an archaeological excavation was carried out on a 40,000 square meter site. The site is located at Hoàng Diệu Street, Ba Đình District, Hà Nội. About 20,000 sq.m were excavated and divided into 4 sections which are coded as A, B, C, and D. The depth of each archaeological lot is about 4 meters, which includes many artifacts from different dynasties.
Map of excavation sections
At the depth of about 1 meter underground is the most recent cultural stratum which has been uncovered. Here, artifacts from the 19th–20th centuries (Nguyễn Dynasty) have been unearthed. Artifacts found include: two wells built of stone and bricks; ceramic bowls, plates, jars, containers, incense burners, and bottles. The artifacts are items that were used daily and were all produced at Bát Tràng and Phù Lãng. They have different colored glozes (blue, white, grey, etc.) and different ornamental patterns (flowers, bamboo, line dots, brown lines).
At the depth of 1 to 2 meters, there were cultural relics from the Posterior Lê Dynasty (15th to 18th centuries). In fact, this layer of artifacts also includes traces of the early Lê Dynasty (circa 15th century), the Mạc (circa 16th century), the Restored Lê (circa 17th–18th centuries), and even the Tây Sơn (early 18th century).
A phoenix motif of the roof tile from the Lý Dynasty
The cultural stratum of the Lê era has exposed artifacts from the 15th–18th centuries. Items include fragments of the brick foundations from buildings; bowls, plates, jars, jugs, cups, pots, food containers, and lime-pots (white, turquoise and glue glazes). Most of the objects uncovered belonged to the king, the royal family, or aristocrats. These items were all decorated with a five-clawed dragon, the Chinese character “Guan” and the characters Trường Lạc (the name of the queen during Lê Thánh Tông’s rule), or Trường Lạc khố, (Lê Hiến Tông’s mother).
Vestiges of the Lý, Trần and Nguyễn Dynasties are also present at this layer. But most of the artifacts during this era have been heavily disturbed. This is common among artifacts from the Lê Dynasty. At the depth of 2 to 3 meters, there is the cultural stratum of the Lý (11th–12th centuries) and the Trần (13th–14th centuries) Dynasties. These two historical periods shared many similarities with each other. This was a period when Vietnamese civilization produced a brilliant culture referred to as Thăng Long. Though most of the artifacts in this layer were from the Lê and Trần Dynasties, it also included artifacts from the Đinh through the Anterior Lê Dynasties (10th–14th centuries). The artifacts found include: the foundation of ancient buildings (stone column bases with lotus decorations typical of the Lý–Trần sculpture), the foundations with brick-paved edges; red brick wells; a square pond filled up with construction materials and ceramic objects. Many of the smaller artifacts included items such as: bowls, boxes with covers, lamp-plates, replicas of towers, big jars, and pots. The design on the items shows that the objects belonged to the royal family and aristocracy. Among the artifacts are bricks carved with Chinese characters showing that they were produced in 1057, under the reign of the third king of the Lý Dynasty.
A sacred animal head from the Trần Dynasty
At the depth of 3-4 meters there is the cultural stratum of the historical period known as Đại La, when Việt Nam was ruled by the Chinese Tang Dynasty, Đại La was also the name of a citadel at that time, on the same location of the excavation site.
This stratum bears the cultural characteristics of Việt Nam under the Tang (a Chinese Dynasty) rule. This period existed from the 7th to 9th centuries, before King Lý Thái Tổ founded the Thăng Long capital in 2010. This layer is referred to as the pre-Thăng Long layer.
In brief, the excavation at the Thăng Long citadel has revealed 4 cultural strata.
1 – Đại La or pre-Thăng Long period: 7th to early 10th centuries (primarily the 9th century).
2 – Lý–Trần period: 11th–14th centuries (some vestiges of the Đinh–Anterior Lê Dynasties in the 10th century).
3 – Lê period (Early Lê, Mạc, Restored Lê, Tây Sơn): 15th–18th centuries.
4 – Nguyễn period: 19th century. This included traces of the French colonial period (late 19th–early 20th centuries) up until the 20th century. The excavation site demonstrates a 1,300-year course of development of Vietnamese culture. It is located next to the Hà Nội Citadel (built in 1805 and destroyed in 1897) and to the west of what used to be the Royal Citadel and the Forbidden Citadel of Thăng Long. It is an invaluable asset for the history and culture of Việt Nam.
Map of excavation sections
At the depth of about 1 meter underground is the most recent cultural stratum which has been uncovered. Here, artifacts from the 19th–20th centuries (Nguyễn Dynasty) have been unearthed. Artifacts found include: two wells built of stone and bricks; ceramic bowls, plates, jars, containers, incense burners, and bottles. The artifacts are items that were used daily and were all produced at Bát Tràng and Phù Lãng. They have different colored glozes (blue, white, grey, etc.) and different ornamental patterns (flowers, bamboo, line dots, brown lines).
At the depth of 1 to 2 meters, there were cultural relics from the Posterior Lê Dynasty (15th to 18th centuries). In fact, this layer of artifacts also includes traces of the early Lê Dynasty (circa 15th century), the Mạc (circa 16th century), the Restored Lê (circa 17th–18th centuries), and even the Tây Sơn (early 18th century).
A phoenix motif of the roof tile from the Lý Dynasty
The cultural stratum of the Lê era has exposed artifacts from the 15th–18th centuries. Items include fragments of the brick foundations from buildings; bowls, plates, jars, jugs, cups, pots, food containers, and lime-pots (white, turquoise and glue glazes). Most of the objects uncovered belonged to the king, the royal family, or aristocrats. These items were all decorated with a five-clawed dragon, the Chinese character “Guan” and the characters Trường Lạc (the name of the queen during Lê Thánh Tông’s rule), or Trường Lạc khố, (Lê Hiến Tông’s mother).
Vestiges of the Lý, Trần and Nguyễn Dynasties are also present at this layer. But most of the artifacts during this era have been heavily disturbed. This is common among artifacts from the Lê Dynasty. At the depth of 2 to 3 meters, there is the cultural stratum of the Lý (11th–12th centuries) and the Trần (13th–14th centuries) Dynasties. These two historical periods shared many similarities with each other. This was a period when Vietnamese civilization produced a brilliant culture referred to as Thăng Long. Though most of the artifacts in this layer were from the Lê and Trần Dynasties, it also included artifacts from the Đinh through the Anterior Lê Dynasties (10th–14th centuries). The artifacts found include: the foundation of ancient buildings (stone column bases with lotus decorations typical of the Lý–Trần sculpture), the foundations with brick-paved edges; red brick wells; a square pond filled up with construction materials and ceramic objects. Many of the smaller artifacts included items such as: bowls, boxes with covers, lamp-plates, replicas of towers, big jars, and pots. The design on the items shows that the objects belonged to the royal family and aristocracy. Among the artifacts are bricks carved with Chinese characters showing that they were produced in 1057, under the reign of the third king of the Lý Dynasty.
A sacred animal head from the Trần Dynasty
At the depth of 3-4 meters there is the cultural stratum of the historical period known as Đại La, when Việt Nam was ruled by the Chinese Tang Dynasty, Đại La was also the name of a citadel at that time, on the same location of the excavation site.
This stratum bears the cultural characteristics of Việt Nam under the Tang (a Chinese Dynasty) rule. This period existed from the 7th to 9th centuries, before King Lý Thái Tổ founded the Thăng Long capital in 2010. This layer is referred to as the pre-Thăng Long layer.
In brief, the excavation at the Thăng Long citadel has revealed 4 cultural strata.
1 – Đại La or pre-Thăng Long period: 7th to early 10th centuries (primarily the 9th century).
2 – Lý–Trần period: 11th–14th centuries (some vestiges of the Đinh–Anterior Lê Dynasties in the 10th century).
3 – Lê period (Early Lê, Mạc, Restored Lê, Tây Sơn): 15th–18th centuries.
4 – Nguyễn period: 19th century. This included traces of the French colonial period (late 19th–early 20th centuries) up until the 20th century. The excavation site demonstrates a 1,300-year course of development of Vietnamese culture. It is located next to the Hà Nội Citadel (built in 1805 and destroyed in 1897) and to the west of what used to be the Royal Citadel and the Forbidden Citadel of Thăng Long. It is an invaluable asset for the history and culture of Việt Nam.
Preserving this cultural site in our responsibility
VGP – A letter from the Honorary President of the Việt Nam Association of Historical Sciences, General Võ Nguyên Giáp, to Party and State Leaders.
General Võ Nguyên Giáp
Recently, I heard an archaeological report on the excavations at a site intended for building the National Assembly House. After that, I myself went to the site, looking at the historical vestiges and talking with the historians and archaeologists. I greatly appreciated the results of the archaeological excavations and the significance of the discovered site.
This is the first time Vietnamese archaeologists have had the opportunity and conditions to excavate sites from the ancient Royal Citadel of Thăng Long. By the end of September 2003 they excavated about 14,000 square meters of land, and recently another thousands of square meters. This is the largest archaeological excavation ever in Việt Nam and among the largest in Southeast Asia. At the site, remains of the western part of the citadel were exposed. This uncovered an architectural foundation larger than the royal palace in Huế, a drainage system, and wells. It helps us understand the magnitude and appearance of the royal citadel. Among the artifacts included tiles, bricks, column foundations, stone column bases, iron wood columns and terracotta decorations, royal daily life utensils, pottery (Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese and Middle East), gold decorations, and various weapons. The discovered items manifest the unique values and skill of traditional Vietnamese workmanship.
I would like to stress the significance of the site and the long history that it entails. This specific piece of land dates back to the pre-Thăng Long period beginning with the Đại La citadel in 7th-9th centuries and lasting until the Đinh and Anterior-Lê dynasties in the 10th century, the Thăng Long citadel existed on the site from the Lý and Trần Dynasties until the Early Lê, Mạc, and Restored Lê dynasties in the 11th-18th centuries. After this time period, the Hà Nội citadel stood through the early Nguyễn dynasty in the 19th century. The site is also connected with the revolutionary and resistance war sites during the Hồ Chí Minh era. For example, Hồ Chí Minh’s house-on-stilts, the Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum, Ba Đình Square, the command headquarters of the Vietnamese People’s Army during the anti-Vietnamese war, and the Ba Đình Meeting Hall are all on this land. This has created an invaluable complex of cultural sites lasting from the 7th to the 20th century. This is a special and rare feature that is of great historical value to Hà Nội. This land remained the capital city of the country for almost 13 successive centuries except for some intervals in the Tây Sơn and Nguyễn periods.
I appreciate the government’s policy allowing the archaeologists to carry out excavations before a construction project is started and delaying construction. Given the results of the excavations, I suggest an in-depth exploration of the entire area and the designing of a master plan for the preservation of this priceless cultural site, including the present Ba Đình Meeting Hall. I suggest choosing another larger site for the construction of the National Assembly House and the new Ba Đình Meeting Hall.
I know it is difficult and costly to preserve such an outdoor cultural and historical site while our country lacks relevant expertise and experience. Nonetheless, I believe when the Party, National Assembly, and State have introduced a correct policy, we will receive support from the population and the rest of the world to devise a proper solution to preserve this site. It is necessary to consider this task a long-term project and carefully plan stages for it. Beside the relevant administrative and scientific bodies in the country, we should seek cooperation with and assistance from international organizations such as the UNESCO and countries that have rich experience in this field. Preserving this cultural site is a responsibility of the Party, National Assembly, and State for our people and culture.
General Võ Nguyên Giáp
Recently, I heard an archaeological report on the excavations at a site intended for building the National Assembly House. After that, I myself went to the site, looking at the historical vestiges and talking with the historians and archaeologists. I greatly appreciated the results of the archaeological excavations and the significance of the discovered site.
This is the first time Vietnamese archaeologists have had the opportunity and conditions to excavate sites from the ancient Royal Citadel of Thăng Long. By the end of September 2003 they excavated about 14,000 square meters of land, and recently another thousands of square meters. This is the largest archaeological excavation ever in Việt Nam and among the largest in Southeast Asia. At the site, remains of the western part of the citadel were exposed. This uncovered an architectural foundation larger than the royal palace in Huế, a drainage system, and wells. It helps us understand the magnitude and appearance of the royal citadel. Among the artifacts included tiles, bricks, column foundations, stone column bases, iron wood columns and terracotta decorations, royal daily life utensils, pottery (Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese and Middle East), gold decorations, and various weapons. The discovered items manifest the unique values and skill of traditional Vietnamese workmanship.
I would like to stress the significance of the site and the long history that it entails. This specific piece of land dates back to the pre-Thăng Long period beginning with the Đại La citadel in 7th-9th centuries and lasting until the Đinh and Anterior-Lê dynasties in the 10th century, the Thăng Long citadel existed on the site from the Lý and Trần Dynasties until the Early Lê, Mạc, and Restored Lê dynasties in the 11th-18th centuries. After this time period, the Hà Nội citadel stood through the early Nguyễn dynasty in the 19th century. The site is also connected with the revolutionary and resistance war sites during the Hồ Chí Minh era. For example, Hồ Chí Minh’s house-on-stilts, the Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum, Ba Đình Square, the command headquarters of the Vietnamese People’s Army during the anti-Vietnamese war, and the Ba Đình Meeting Hall are all on this land. This has created an invaluable complex of cultural sites lasting from the 7th to the 20th century. This is a special and rare feature that is of great historical value to Hà Nội. This land remained the capital city of the country for almost 13 successive centuries except for some intervals in the Tây Sơn and Nguyễn periods.
I appreciate the government’s policy allowing the archaeologists to carry out excavations before a construction project is started and delaying construction. Given the results of the excavations, I suggest an in-depth exploration of the entire area and the designing of a master plan for the preservation of this priceless cultural site, including the present Ba Đình Meeting Hall. I suggest choosing another larger site for the construction of the National Assembly House and the new Ba Đình Meeting Hall.
I know it is difficult and costly to preserve such an outdoor cultural and historical site while our country lacks relevant expertise and experience. Nonetheless, I believe when the Party, National Assembly, and State have introduced a correct policy, we will receive support from the population and the rest of the world to devise a proper solution to preserve this site. It is necessary to consider this task a long-term project and carefully plan stages for it. Beside the relevant administrative and scientific bodies in the country, we should seek cooperation with and assistance from international organizations such as the UNESCO and countries that have rich experience in this field. Preserving this cultural site is a responsibility of the Party, National Assembly, and State for our people and culture.
The Cultural Heritage Complex of Thăng Long-Hà Nội
VGP - The Cultural Heritage Complex of Thăng Long-Hà Nội consists of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel, Thăng Long Tứ Trấn (Temples of Four Guardian Gods of Thăng Long) and the Văn Miếu-Quốc Tử Giám (Temple of Literature).
Location of the Imperial Citadel and excavated area in the map
of Ba Đình Complex
Thăng Long, which is Hà Nội's center nowadays, was chosen by Lý Thái Tổ, the founding king of the Lý Dynasty (1009-1225), as the capital of Đại Việt Kingdom (nowadays Việt Nam) since Autumn of 1010.
Thăng Long means “ascending dragon,” symbolizing the will and thirst for independence of the Vietnamese people after more than one thousand years of Chinese domination.
Since then, Thăng Long was almost continuously the capital city of Việt Nam through different reigns: Lý (1010-1225), Trần (1226-1400), Early Lê (1428-1527), Mạc (1572-1592), and the Restored Lê-Trịnh (1592-1789). In the periods when it was not the capital, Thăng Long still remained a central city in the vast area of Bắc Thành or North Việt Nam (1789-1831), Hà Nội Province (1831-1888), or Bắc Kỳ (also known as Tonkin) and the French-ruled Federation of Indochina (1888-1945). During the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802-1945), the capital was moved to Huế. In 1945, Hà Nội was chosen by the Government of Democratic Republic of Việt Nam as the capital.
Previously, from the 7th to 9th centuries, under the domination of feudal China, it was also chosen by the ruling governments as Annam Prefecture (An Nam Đô Hộ Phủ), which included the North and North Central part of present Việt Nam.
From the 11th to 18th centuries, as a capital city, Thăng Long was constructed to adapt to physical features of the area that endowed with rivers and lakes. The citadel system incorporated three rings of rampart. The outer ring was the Đại La Citadel, which ran along the Red River in the East, Tô Lịch River in the North and West, and the Kim Ngưu River in the South. Consequently, the Đại La Citadel functioned itself as both an outer defensive rampart for the whole capital city and a complete dyke system. The second ring, known with many names throughout different periods, was nevertheless called in a common name: Hoàng Thành (Imperial Citadel), housing central governmental bodies. The third ring was the Forbidden City (Cấm Thành), where the King and the royal family's residence located. The architectural structures (system of palaces) were most densely concentrated in the Forbidden City and Imperial City, whose center was the Càn Nguyên Palace (later known as Thiên An or Kính Thiên Palace) built on a hillock called Nùng Mount. Although slight displacement was observed, in general, the location of citadel rings and architectural structures has remained unchanged over different periods.
1. The Thăng Long Imperial Citadel (approximately 50 hectares)
The present relic complex is located in Ba Đình District, roughly surrounded by Nguyễn Tri Phương, Phan Đình Phùng, Điện Biên Phủ, Trần Phú, Hoàng Văn Thụ and Hùng Vương Streets. Relics in the areas of the Forbidden City and the Imperial Citadel that situated on the central axis of the old citadel are the Cửa Bắc (North Gate), Hậu Lâu, Kính Thiên Palace, Đoan Môn (South Gate), Flag Tower and the archaeological site at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street. The relics found on the ground remain relatively intact and have been well preserved. Archaeological artifacts underground have been discovered and studied for many years. Researchers have found out many architectural vestiges and artifacts from the Chinese domination period, Đinh, Anterior Lê, Lý, Trần, Posterior Lê and Nguyên Dynasties.
A gate of the Thăng Long Citadel
Specifically, in the campus of the Ba Đình Assembly Hall at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street, significant architectural vestiges and artifacts of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel were unearthed.
From December 2002 to the beginning of 2004, the Việt Nam Archaeology Institute excavated on a large scale the archaeological site at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street with the total area of 19,000 m2. This is biggest archaeological excavation site in Việt Nam and Southeast Asia. Here a complex of abundant relics and vestiges from the Đại La Citadel (7th-9th centuries) to Thăng Long Citadel (11th-18th centuries) and Hà Nội Citadel (19th century) was discovered.
In the whole area, cultural layers appear in all locations with cultural and historical vestiges of Thăng Long-Hà Nội during the period of 1,300 years of history. In general, the cultural layers often exist in the depth of 1m downwards with thickness of 2.0-3.50m. At the location of some excavation holes such as A10 – A11, B3 - B9 and D4 - D6 it can be recognized the relics of different periods lying on each other, from the depth of 0.90m to 1.90m is the cultural layer of the Lê Dynasty from the 15th to 18th centuries; from the depth of 1.90m-3m is the cultural layer of the Lý and Trần dynasties (11th to 14th centuries); the depth of 3m-4.20m, the cultural layer of the Pre-Thăng Long period (7th-9th centuries). In cultural layers, it is always found out architectural vestiges typical for the different periods.
The numbers of founded vestiges are many but the majority is bricks, tiles and ceramic ware. In each period the vestiges have a specific feature.
During the 5th-6th centuries, there are grey red bricks, the boarders printed with olive shape, and blue-glazed ceramic bowls.
During the 6th-9th centuries, there are many bricks, tiles, especially bricks inscribed with Chinese characters "Giang Tây quân" in grey color; head of the tiles are decorated with the faces of sacred animals, joker, lotus, etc.
In the 10th century, some bricks and tiles are found, typical is the red bricks of which the surface is inscribed in Chinese characters "Đại Việt quốc quân thành chuyên"; also found out are ridge tiles with statues of bird couple; earthen wares.
In the Lý Dynasty (11th-13th centuries) brick and tile production was strongly developed with various sizes as rectangular and square bricks, the brick face are inscribed with Chinese characters "Lý gia đệ tam đế Long Thụy Thái Bình tứ niên tạo" (Made in the 4th year of Long Thụy Thái Bình, the 3rd king of the Lý - 1057); some square bricks decorated with lotus and daisy. The ceramic wares in the Lý Dynasty, bearing beautiful decoration and sharp colors of pearl, white, green enamels, prove the high skills of ceramics producers at that time.
The Trần Dynasty had continued and developed the artistic styles of the Lý Dynasty, through the ceramic wares with nice decoration in iron brown, white-and-blue colors. The period of the Posterior Lê Dynasty is long and divided into small stages: The Early Lê and Lê-Mạc Dynasties, and the Restored Lê Dynasty.
At the beginning of the Lê Dynasty, the typical vestiges are wooden-hammer brick and Yin-Yang tiles with large dimensions, blue-and-white, white ceramic wares of high quality. In the Lê-Mạc period the tiles carved with dragon motif appeared. The dragon motif style in the Lê-Mạc Dynasties is almost similar to the dragon pattern carved on the lamp stand in the Mạc Dynasty. On the ceramic wares, the dragon motifs are painted in a simple way, not careful in details as at the beginning of the Lê Dynasty. Wooden-hammer bricks with medium and small sizes were used both in the Lê-Mạc Dynasties and the Restored Lê Dynasty. The ceramic wares were abundant but not beautiful as in the previous periods.
2. Surrounding architecture buildings
Bạch Mã Temple in Hàng Buồm Street
In the ancient Thăng Long, there existed four sacred temples dedicated to four guardian gods of the city. They are Bạch Mã (White Horse), Voi Phục (Kneeling Elephant), Kim Liên, and Quán Thánh (Holy Mandarin)
According to the concept of geomancy, these are worship places of the Gods who guard at four main directions (East - West - South - North) of the citadel. These are also benchmarks forming the good layer of earth of the imperial city. Through many ups and downs of history, the four temples still exist.
Văn Miếu-Quốc Tử Giám is considered to be the first university in Việt Nam.
Văn Miếu (Temple of Literature) was built in October 1070 to worship Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, Chu Văn An, headmaster of Quốc Tử Giám (Imperial College), and other well-known scholars representing for the high philosophy and ethics of Vietnamese education.
In 1076, Quốc Tử Giám was constructed next to Văn Miếu. At first it was the college for only princes and then it also collected the best students in the whole country.
Location of the Imperial Citadel and excavated area in the map
of Ba Đình Complex
Thăng Long, which is Hà Nội's center nowadays, was chosen by Lý Thái Tổ, the founding king of the Lý Dynasty (1009-1225), as the capital of Đại Việt Kingdom (nowadays Việt Nam) since Autumn of 1010.
Thăng Long means “ascending dragon,” symbolizing the will and thirst for independence of the Vietnamese people after more than one thousand years of Chinese domination.
Since then, Thăng Long was almost continuously the capital city of Việt Nam through different reigns: Lý (1010-1225), Trần (1226-1400), Early Lê (1428-1527), Mạc (1572-1592), and the Restored Lê-Trịnh (1592-1789). In the periods when it was not the capital, Thăng Long still remained a central city in the vast area of Bắc Thành or North Việt Nam (1789-1831), Hà Nội Province (1831-1888), or Bắc Kỳ (also known as Tonkin) and the French-ruled Federation of Indochina (1888-1945). During the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802-1945), the capital was moved to Huế. In 1945, Hà Nội was chosen by the Government of Democratic Republic of Việt Nam as the capital.
Previously, from the 7th to 9th centuries, under the domination of feudal China, it was also chosen by the ruling governments as Annam Prefecture (An Nam Đô Hộ Phủ), which included the North and North Central part of present Việt Nam.
From the 11th to 18th centuries, as a capital city, Thăng Long was constructed to adapt to physical features of the area that endowed with rivers and lakes. The citadel system incorporated three rings of rampart. The outer ring was the Đại La Citadel, which ran along the Red River in the East, Tô Lịch River in the North and West, and the Kim Ngưu River in the South. Consequently, the Đại La Citadel functioned itself as both an outer defensive rampart for the whole capital city and a complete dyke system. The second ring, known with many names throughout different periods, was nevertheless called in a common name: Hoàng Thành (Imperial Citadel), housing central governmental bodies. The third ring was the Forbidden City (Cấm Thành), where the King and the royal family's residence located. The architectural structures (system of palaces) were most densely concentrated in the Forbidden City and Imperial City, whose center was the Càn Nguyên Palace (later known as Thiên An or Kính Thiên Palace) built on a hillock called Nùng Mount. Although slight displacement was observed, in general, the location of citadel rings and architectural structures has remained unchanged over different periods.
1. The Thăng Long Imperial Citadel (approximately 50 hectares)
The present relic complex is located in Ba Đình District, roughly surrounded by Nguyễn Tri Phương, Phan Đình Phùng, Điện Biên Phủ, Trần Phú, Hoàng Văn Thụ and Hùng Vương Streets. Relics in the areas of the Forbidden City and the Imperial Citadel that situated on the central axis of the old citadel are the Cửa Bắc (North Gate), Hậu Lâu, Kính Thiên Palace, Đoan Môn (South Gate), Flag Tower and the archaeological site at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street. The relics found on the ground remain relatively intact and have been well preserved. Archaeological artifacts underground have been discovered and studied for many years. Researchers have found out many architectural vestiges and artifacts from the Chinese domination period, Đinh, Anterior Lê, Lý, Trần, Posterior Lê and Nguyên Dynasties.
A gate of the Thăng Long Citadel
Specifically, in the campus of the Ba Đình Assembly Hall at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street, significant architectural vestiges and artifacts of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel were unearthed.
From December 2002 to the beginning of 2004, the Việt Nam Archaeology Institute excavated on a large scale the archaeological site at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street with the total area of 19,000 m2. This is biggest archaeological excavation site in Việt Nam and Southeast Asia. Here a complex of abundant relics and vestiges from the Đại La Citadel (7th-9th centuries) to Thăng Long Citadel (11th-18th centuries) and Hà Nội Citadel (19th century) was discovered.
In the whole area, cultural layers appear in all locations with cultural and historical vestiges of Thăng Long-Hà Nội during the period of 1,300 years of history. In general, the cultural layers often exist in the depth of 1m downwards with thickness of 2.0-3.50m. At the location of some excavation holes such as A10 – A11, B3 - B9 and D4 - D6 it can be recognized the relics of different periods lying on each other, from the depth of 0.90m to 1.90m is the cultural layer of the Lê Dynasty from the 15th to 18th centuries; from the depth of 1.90m-3m is the cultural layer of the Lý and Trần dynasties (11th to 14th centuries); the depth of 3m-4.20m, the cultural layer of the Pre-Thăng Long period (7th-9th centuries). In cultural layers, it is always found out architectural vestiges typical for the different periods.
The numbers of founded vestiges are many but the majority is bricks, tiles and ceramic ware. In each period the vestiges have a specific feature.
During the 5th-6th centuries, there are grey red bricks, the boarders printed with olive shape, and blue-glazed ceramic bowls.
During the 6th-9th centuries, there are many bricks, tiles, especially bricks inscribed with Chinese characters "Giang Tây quân" in grey color; head of the tiles are decorated with the faces of sacred animals, joker, lotus, etc.
In the 10th century, some bricks and tiles are found, typical is the red bricks of which the surface is inscribed in Chinese characters "Đại Việt quốc quân thành chuyên"; also found out are ridge tiles with statues of bird couple; earthen wares.
In the Lý Dynasty (11th-13th centuries) brick and tile production was strongly developed with various sizes as rectangular and square bricks, the brick face are inscribed with Chinese characters "Lý gia đệ tam đế Long Thụy Thái Bình tứ niên tạo" (Made in the 4th year of Long Thụy Thái Bình, the 3rd king of the Lý - 1057); some square bricks decorated with lotus and daisy. The ceramic wares in the Lý Dynasty, bearing beautiful decoration and sharp colors of pearl, white, green enamels, prove the high skills of ceramics producers at that time.
The Trần Dynasty had continued and developed the artistic styles of the Lý Dynasty, through the ceramic wares with nice decoration in iron brown, white-and-blue colors. The period of the Posterior Lê Dynasty is long and divided into small stages: The Early Lê and Lê-Mạc Dynasties, and the Restored Lê Dynasty.
At the beginning of the Lê Dynasty, the typical vestiges are wooden-hammer brick and Yin-Yang tiles with large dimensions, blue-and-white, white ceramic wares of high quality. In the Lê-Mạc period the tiles carved with dragon motif appeared. The dragon motif style in the Lê-Mạc Dynasties is almost similar to the dragon pattern carved on the lamp stand in the Mạc Dynasty. On the ceramic wares, the dragon motifs are painted in a simple way, not careful in details as at the beginning of the Lê Dynasty. Wooden-hammer bricks with medium and small sizes were used both in the Lê-Mạc Dynasties and the Restored Lê Dynasty. The ceramic wares were abundant but not beautiful as in the previous periods.
2. Surrounding architecture buildings
Bạch Mã Temple in Hàng Buồm Street
In the ancient Thăng Long, there existed four sacred temples dedicated to four guardian gods of the city. They are Bạch Mã (White Horse), Voi Phục (Kneeling Elephant), Kim Liên, and Quán Thánh (Holy Mandarin)
According to the concept of geomancy, these are worship places of the Gods who guard at four main directions (East - West - South - North) of the citadel. These are also benchmarks forming the good layer of earth of the imperial city. Through many ups and downs of history, the four temples still exist.
Văn Miếu-Quốc Tử Giám is considered to be the first university in Việt Nam.
Văn Miếu (Temple of Literature) was built in October 1070 to worship Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, Chu Văn An, headmaster of Quốc Tử Giám (Imperial College), and other well-known scholars representing for the high philosophy and ethics of Vietnamese education.
In 1076, Quốc Tử Giám was constructed next to Văn Miếu. At first it was the college for only princes and then it also collected the best students in the whole country.
A long-term conservation plan needed for the Imperial Citadel
VGP – It is necessary to adopt a master planning scheme for the long-term conservation of the historical site of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel at No. 18 Hoàng Diệu Street, said Mr. Nguyễn Văn Sơn, Director of the Conservation Center for Cổ Loa and the Hà Nội Ancient Citadel.
According to Mr. Sơn, vestiges and artifacts of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel are suffering negative weather impacts. Lying in the earth at the depths of 2–4m for thousands of years, they are now exposed to tropical climate with high humidity and heavy rains.
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| An excavation site of the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel at No. 18 Hoàng Diệu Street, Hà Nội |
The Director said that it is an urgent necessity to adopt a master planning scheme for long-term preservation of the citadel.
So far, a number of seminars have been organized to discuss methods of preserving outdoor vestiges and unearthed artifacts to serve scientific research and tourist purposes.
Some architectural items, such as Kính Thiên Palace
He added that some open storages should be built to preserve artifacts while show-casing them to the public.
The Conservation Center
Friday, July 30, 2010
New findings about Thăng Long queen city
Block is the palace where the focus typical of the monarch, the most advanced products of the economy, the country's culture through historical periods.
On September 2, 2002, a conference on scientific relic Hoang Thang Long was held in Hanoi brings together historians, archaeologists across the country. Approval of the historian Professor Phan Huy Le, we post all discussion to the new conclusions deepen awareness of the monument is especially rare. We put the headline.
1. Areas Hoang Thang Long at 18 Hoang Dieu began excavations from 12-2002 and are revealed in a large area in the mid-2003.
Area excavated so far is 19,000 m2. From the findings, about archeology and historians have determined preliminarily that the relics are located within Thang Long Hoang Ly, Tran, Le record, Mac, and the Le Trung Hung Nguyen, Hanoi time. But this is a complex archaeological relics, including many urban architectural monuments and a massive amount of relics of many different historical periods so many questions to be posed and engaging the attention Research research of many scientists in the country and internationally.
In 2004 - 2005 until early 2006, several workshops with computer science or research report specialized, interdisciplinary is the Social Science Institute of Vietnam, Ministry of Culture and Information Ministry of Construction organization. Most importantly, national scientific conference by the Institute of Social Sciences held on 19-20/8/2004, workshop international consultant by the Institute of Social Sciences and coordinate with the Vietnam National Committee UNESCO Vietnam male and UNESCO Office in Hanoi and held on 10-11/8/2004 Meeting on February 18, 2006 by Ministry of Culture and Information organized.
Through workshops, many problems are posed by issues such as general location of the relics in the structure of Thang Long-Hanoi, the nature and age of the relics, the value of the relic ... to the very specific issues such as age structure and individual architectural monuments, types and characteristics, origin and some relics dating, dating and relationship between the cultural layer , decode the writing on some relics, geological features composed, ecological environment, the origin of the relic rivers, lakes ... Something worth more pleased that more research and discussion, besides several issues need further research, many new questions are posed, the general perception of scientists in general the value of relic They may get together trends consensus. The results of this study, we like to thank the participation and cooperation of several research experts from the International UNESCO, Japan, France, Italy, Spain.
2. Awareness is relatively common consensus about the value of the relic Hoang Thang Long Hoang Dieu 18 can summarized as follows:
- Areas once discovered is defined in the Thang Long Royal is gradually defined more specifically in the Forbidden City is the center of Royal City News. Thang Long Citadel of three rounds to: La City University, Imperial City (the name used by Le record) and Block. The University of La and Royal have changed from the Ly, Tran Le to record, from time to time, record Mac Le and Le Trung Hung, but the location and size of the Forbidden City is virtually unchanged, only palace is undergoing many construction and repair, dismantling, destructive ... Block is the palace where the focus typical of the monarch, the most advanced products of the economy, the country's culture through historical periods.
- Areas of multi-level serial culture quite different from An ongoing India-South domination University La VII-IX century, particularly from the Ly, Tran, Le Mac file to the time, Le Trung Hung century XI-XVIII and XIX century Nguyen Dynasty. Relic's history from pre-culture of Thang Long thousand years time and near Thang Long-Hanoi. Many foreign experts rated value because the capital is rare in a country where the ground still preserve vestiges relatively systematic and continuous with depth historical and cultural nearly five thousand such , even if pre-Thang Long, then up to 13th century.
- Relic 19,000 m2 is part of the Block, but disclosed a priceless cultural heritage of the Bible, crystallize the value of cultural history of both peoples. This value is expressed through the architectural monuments and other relics, including wells, the drains, the foundation architecture, building materials, the sophisticated pottery, materials with typical architecture of the era ... all showed a high level of economic development, culture and national identity with dark, especially during Vietnam century civilization University XI - XV with organizations to build capacity, create good nutrition of the ancestors.
- The relics of foreign origin as the money, pottery of China, Japan, West Asia relations delivered proven economic and cultural capital of the widely with our country abroad. This is a feature and value of culture in Vietnam, always developed on the solid foundation in conjunction with the exchange and absorption of external cultural influences.
- It can be said of the capital of the country, each capital has as its history, contributing to create the flow of history and cultural centers of political, economic, cultural countries. Among them, economic Thang Long-Hanoi has a long history and the most typical for the period of the country's prosperity: economic Thang Long time civilization University Vietnamese capital of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh era. Areas Hoang Thang Long 18 Hoang Dieu has reflected the history of economic development, convergence and regulations has crystallized the value of history and ethnic culture via annually. It is a heritage of priceless cultural production capital and the whole nation.
By comparing the results of some scientists in the country and international experts, the legacy is still world class, the criteria have been recognized as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. Himself Kōichiro Matsuura, President of UNESCO, when visiting the monument on July 17, 2005 said: "Areas have cultural values and history extremely important and pursuant to Heritage Convention cultural world, it can be fully considered cultural heritage of humanity ".
Area excavated so far is 19,000 m2. From the findings, about archeology and historians have determined preliminarily that the relics are located within Thang Long Hoang Ly, Tran, Le record, Mac, and the Le Trung Hung Nguyen, Hanoi time. But this is a complex archaeological relics, including many urban architectural monuments and a massive amount of relics of many different historical periods so many questions to be posed and engaging the attention Research research of many scientists in the country and internationally.
In 2004 - 2005 until early 2006, several workshops with computer science or research report specialized, interdisciplinary is the Social Science Institute of Vietnam, Ministry of Culture and Information Ministry of Construction organization. Most importantly, national scientific conference by the Institute of Social Sciences held on 19-20/8/2004, workshop international consultant by the Institute of Social Sciences and coordinate with the Vietnam National Committee UNESCO Vietnam male and UNESCO Office in Hanoi and held on 10-11/8/2004 Meeting on February 18, 2006 by Ministry of Culture and Information organized.
Through workshops, many problems are posed by issues such as general location of the relics in the structure of Thang Long-Hanoi, the nature and age of the relics, the value of the relic ... to the very specific issues such as age structure and individual architectural monuments, types and characteristics, origin and some relics dating, dating and relationship between the cultural layer , decode the writing on some relics, geological features composed, ecological environment, the origin of the relic rivers, lakes ... Something worth more pleased that more research and discussion, besides several issues need further research, many new questions are posed, the general perception of scientists in general the value of relic They may get together trends consensus. The results of this study, we like to thank the participation and cooperation of several research experts from the International UNESCO, Japan, France, Italy, Spain.
2. Awareness is relatively common consensus about the value of the relic Hoang Thang Long Hoang Dieu 18 can summarized as follows:
- Areas once discovered is defined in the Thang Long Royal is gradually defined more specifically in the Forbidden City is the center of Royal City News. Thang Long Citadel of three rounds to: La City University, Imperial City (the name used by Le record) and Block. The University of La and Royal have changed from the Ly, Tran Le to record, from time to time, record Mac Le and Le Trung Hung, but the location and size of the Forbidden City is virtually unchanged, only palace is undergoing many construction and repair, dismantling, destructive ... Block is the palace where the focus typical of the monarch, the most advanced products of the economy, the country's culture through historical periods.
- Areas of multi-level serial culture quite different from An ongoing India-South domination University La VII-IX century, particularly from the Ly, Tran, Le Mac file to the time, Le Trung Hung century XI-XVIII and XIX century Nguyen Dynasty. Relic's history from pre-culture of Thang Long thousand years time and near Thang Long-Hanoi. Many foreign experts rated value because the capital is rare in a country where the ground still preserve vestiges relatively systematic and continuous with depth historical and cultural nearly five thousand such , even if pre-Thang Long, then up to 13th century.
- Relic 19,000 m2 is part of the Block, but disclosed a priceless cultural heritage of the Bible, crystallize the value of cultural history of both peoples. This value is expressed through the architectural monuments and other relics, including wells, the drains, the foundation architecture, building materials, the sophisticated pottery, materials with typical architecture of the era ... all showed a high level of economic development, culture and national identity with dark, especially during Vietnam century civilization University XI - XV with organizations to build capacity, create good nutrition of the ancestors.
- The relics of foreign origin as the money, pottery of China, Japan, West Asia relations delivered proven economic and cultural capital of the widely with our country abroad. This is a feature and value of culture in Vietnam, always developed on the solid foundation in conjunction with the exchange and absorption of external cultural influences.
- It can be said of the capital of the country, each capital has as its history, contributing to create the flow of history and cultural centers of political, economic, cultural countries. Among them, economic Thang Long-Hanoi has a long history and the most typical for the period of the country's prosperity: economic Thang Long time civilization University Vietnamese capital of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh era. Areas Hoang Thang Long 18 Hoang Dieu has reflected the history of economic development, convergence and regulations has crystallized the value of history and ethnic culture via annually. It is a heritage of priceless cultural production capital and the whole nation.
By comparing the results of some scientists in the country and international experts, the legacy is still world class, the criteria have been recognized as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. Himself Kōichiro Matsuura, President of UNESCO, when visiting the monument on July 17, 2005 said: "Areas have cultural values and history extremely important and pursuant to Heritage Convention cultural world, it can be fully considered cultural heritage of humanity ".
3. Recently, archaeologists Vietnam during revise the artifacts, setting records and work with scientists from Japan studied the relics in the field, has provided some more information give a results of new research results raise further awareness of the value of the relics. Archaeological Institute reported on new research results, in which the results of my concerns is:
Through revise the kind, archaeologists have put out again on decorative objects and discover more relics are Hanja. In addition to the Hanja name army's version and some administrative units involved the construction of Royal, also the word architectural Han named an imperial palace in the Forbidden City was old bibliographic notes such as "Royal Villa subjects People directory created "," Changle supply "," Kim Quang power. Revise the results of artifacts and statistics also provide information about the system characteristics and changes pottery through the period, the currency of Vietnam from the Ly, Tran Le to the Nguyen and money China from the Han dynasty, Tang to Song, Minh, Thanh. The statistics on mobile core animal found to provide information regarding activities and art supply moisture paddy home.
Results of studies of architectural monuments in the field for experts in Japan and Vietnam make comments on the architecture and set of architectural drawings in a certain architecture Ly, Tran with the number Data specific measurements. This information shows that more fairly large scale of the palace in the ancient Forbidden City.
Many problems and questions still being posed, the research results is increasingly clear over the value of the relic Hoang Thang Long.
4. Areas Hoang Thang Long since has revealed to date has more than 4 years and is facing the requirement is urgent resolution.
Research as valuable as the monuments are confirmed, but the state has considerable worry. Archaeologists have tried hard to protect the relics such as roof covering, set up the system vacuum pump, apply a solution of anti-submarine, anti-moss milestone ... But the change of environment conservation in from the ground to outside, the climate change such as humidity, heat will affect the quality relics.
Through revise the kind, archaeologists have put out again on decorative objects and discover more relics are Hanja. In addition to the Hanja name army's version and some administrative units involved the construction of Royal, also the word architectural Han named an imperial palace in the Forbidden City was old bibliographic notes such as "Royal Villa subjects People directory created "," Changle supply "," Kim Quang power. Revise the results of artifacts and statistics also provide information about the system characteristics and changes pottery through the period, the currency of Vietnam from the Ly, Tran Le to the Nguyen and money China from the Han dynasty, Tang to Song, Minh, Thanh. The statistics on mobile core animal found to provide information regarding activities and art supply moisture paddy home.
Results of studies of architectural monuments in the field for experts in Japan and Vietnam make comments on the architecture and set of architectural drawings in a certain architecture Ly, Tran with the number Data specific measurements. This information shows that more fairly large scale of the palace in the ancient Forbidden City.
Many problems and questions still being posed, the research results is increasingly clear over the value of the relic Hoang Thang Long.
4. Areas Hoang Thang Long since has revealed to date has more than 4 years and is facing the requirement is urgent resolution.
Research as valuable as the monuments are confirmed, but the state has considerable worry. Archaeologists have tried hard to protect the relics such as roof covering, set up the system vacuum pump, apply a solution of anti-submarine, anti-moss milestone ... But the change of environment conservation in from the ground to outside, the climate change such as humidity, heat will affect the quality relics.
Over four years, despite all efforts to protect the above, the relics are gradually degraded by years. Japanese experts are worried about our status is degraded. Status degradation is only resolved when the basic long advocated the preservation of relics, on the basis of the established long-term conservation planning and construction plan for each step depending on their ability ta. In this respect, UNESCO and experts from many countries ready cooperation, consultation and support us. Also on that basis, can apply the solutions to long-term conservation and efficiency with modern technology.
Relic of Imperial Highway has combined with relics on the ground and the ground (not being the architect of modern destruction) of the Thang Long Block and revolutionary relics, modern resistance, may be planning a historical-cultural Thang Long-Hanoi run through from pre-Thang Long, Thang Long-time business, time to Hanoi to Hanoi capital, Ho Chi Minh era. Range planning and names relic should also researched and discussed widely among management agencies and experts on science and related fields.
A cultural heritage such exist between the center of Hanoi will enhance the position of history, cultural capital and meet criteria to be recognized as a National Monument and special cultural heritage in the world. It was proposed by the scientific community through scientific conferences, is the earnest aspirations of the people of the capital and the country, is also the responsibility of our generation before history.
And if the relics are not preserved, and all you can say long-term capital Hanoi will forever be a world cultural heritage in the heart of the capital, thousands of culture, pride of of capital and people throughout the country and community Vietnam abroad. It is more meaningful sacred when Hanoi and the country is preparing anniversary of Thang Long thousand years old.
Relic of Imperial Highway has combined with relics on the ground and the ground (not being the architect of modern destruction) of the Thang Long Block and revolutionary relics, modern resistance, may be planning a historical-cultural Thang Long-Hanoi run through from pre-Thang Long, Thang Long-time business, time to Hanoi to Hanoi capital, Ho Chi Minh era. Range planning and names relic should also researched and discussed widely among management agencies and experts on science and related fields.
A cultural heritage such exist between the center of Hanoi will enhance the position of history, cultural capital and meet criteria to be recognized as a National Monument and special cultural heritage in the world. It was proposed by the scientific community through scientific conferences, is the earnest aspirations of the people of the capital and the country, is also the responsibility of our generation before history.
And if the relics are not preserved, and all you can say long-term capital Hanoi will forever be a world cultural heritage in the heart of the capital, thousands of culture, pride of of capital and people throughout the country and community Vietnam abroad. It is more meaningful sacred when Hanoi and the country is preparing anniversary of Thang Long thousand years old.
Propose Thang Long queen city becoming world relic
5 / 4, Forum UNESCO - University and Heritage 12th place in Hanoi. Vietnam hopes this is the opportunity to promote Hoang Thang Long became a World Cultural Heritage in 2010.
Attending the seminar are 380 professors, researchers, experts and students from 52 counter.
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Earlier this year, the record (nearly 900 pages) of the Royal Central Vietnam Thang Long was completed and sent to Paris (France) proposed UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. According to experts, the Royal meeting three of the six criteria of the UNESCO
Hoang Thang Long confirmed as one of important relics of Hanoi in particular and the country in general and Hanoi People's Committee Chairman Nguyen The Thao said, after the complete dossiers to UNESCO, Vietnam hy expectations will have world heritage in 2010 again, this time celebrated 1,000 years of Thang Long, Hanoi.
Also Chairman National Committee for UNESCO Vietnam Nguyen Thanh Son for, after reviewing documents, the UNESCO would like to Market Monitoring in place in April or May to come. May 6-7/2010 to Vietnam will submit the full dossier Council UNESCO.
If UNESCO, Hoang Thang Long will be the 8th World Heritage Sites in Vietnam after the Natural Heritage: Ha Long Bay, Phong Nha - Ke Bang; Cultural Heritage - History: Hue , Hoi An Ancient Town, My Son Sanctuary and Cultural Heritage Intangible: Nha nhac Hue imperial palace, Space Culture gongs Highlands.
Hoang Thang Long confirmed as one of important relics of Hanoi in particular and the country in general and Hanoi People's Committee Chairman Nguyen The Thao said, after the complete dossiers to UNESCO, Vietnam hy expectations will have world heritage in 2010 again, this time celebrated 1,000 years of Thang Long, Hanoi.
Also Chairman National Committee for UNESCO Vietnam Nguyen Thanh Son for, after reviewing documents, the UNESCO would like to Market Monitoring in place in April or May to come. May 6-7/2010 to Vietnam will submit the full dossier Council UNESCO.
If UNESCO, Hoang Thang Long will be the 8th World Heritage Sites in Vietnam after the Natural Heritage: Ha Long Bay, Phong Nha - Ke Bang; Cultural Heritage - History: Hue , Hoi An Ancient Town, My Son Sanctuary and Cultural Heritage Intangible: Nha nhac Hue imperial palace, Space Culture gongs Highlands.
Thăng Long queen city in balance with old capitals
Detection sites 18 Hoang Dieu enough proved invaluable to the economic value of Thang Long thousand years ago from the left in the ground, that makes it fortunate enough when thanks to the conservation of ground that we, and generations of children, many opportunities will study and learn history.
The value of the relic Hoang Thang Long (been revealed in 2003) were the scientists in the country as well as international experts, including UNESCO Director General Mr. greatly appreciate, fully deserves to recognized as the cultural heritage of humanity.
Each city has a fixed value but only its own it, the Thang Long Imperial comparison with the Co Loa ancient capital, Hue and Hoa Lu is intended to affirm the value added is extremely rare sites of The Citadel , ancient capital of Thang Long culture in 1000. Professor Phan Huy Le, chairman of Vietnam's history of Science and Professor Phan Khanh was very consistent in putting out the interesting perspective of this comparison.
According to Professor Phan Huy Le, and evidence analysis and research archaeologists have confirmed for sure Loa is the oldest capital city, is the earliest buildings of the entire region of Southeast Asia. From the third century BC (about 2,300 in this way), a business with a large enough scale to a total of three rounds over 16 km as Loa is extremely rare. Capital Cities Loa also take advantage of natural river Hoang Giang thoroughly when connected to the system in the proud, to be swept back from that across the northern plain, the Red River, Thai Binh river, to the Continental Early Giang, Bridge on the River, River Trade, Luc Ngan river. Value of the sites located in Co Loa site: is the oldest business in Southeast Asia.
Undergone several transformations thousand years, traces of the three rounds into the ground is not much longer, are severely sexually abused. Efforts to "rescue" Loa appears as "harmful" to the other surviving traces more. Fortunately for longer underground Loa both a treasure, according to Prof. Phan Khanh. Have found the space here, and only a hole where archaeologists found the couple ten thousand arrows, new in 2005 also discovered an entire underground weapons production facilities, with the stove, a teacher molds , casting the same arrows arrows we have discovered here.
Fortunately for Loa, as even the capital for several decades, then go through ups and downs than 2,000 years, including the variation, then the remnant, and is the soul of the ancient capital is still there, has urged the generation of post-birth cosset preserve historical value.
Capital Hoa Lu is there a special historical role, even exist in the non half-century (from 968 to 1010, when Ly Thai To, the first king of the Ly Dynasty, decided to move capital to Thang Long ). Reply by Prof. Phan Khanh, the first king of Vietnam's reunification "have built capital Hoa Lu on dangerous terrain, take advantage of natural conditions with limestone cliffs and river system to citadel ", creating an" army to "take serious computer defense. Professor Phan Huy Le also stressed several factors to "natural time, local interest, of peace" of economic Hoa Lu ancient capital. In essence, the capital of Hoa Lu bring more business to fall into, relevant in the "fight" more than political stability, promoting culture, expand the economy.
Hue is the cultural heritage of the world's first Vietnam is recognized by UNESCO. Professor Phan Huy Le appreciate the architecture of the ancient capital Hue, by the result of cultural exchange, to acquire a western heritage. That is whether the time is not very long capital, just half a century young (from 1802 to 1945), and, again very young age compared to the ancient capital, Hue is recognition of the very respectfully world. "For example to say much about Hue, which is free for anyone to feel the value," said Professor Phan Khanh so on the last business in Vietnam.
Back on the past, asked the Co Loa, Hoa Lu, or the ancient capital of Hue, as we better understand the precious value of Thang Long Royal, the "superior class, especially on the thickness and contact time continue. Archaeological excavations have identified traces of the University of La over 1000 years ago. Then the supply of electricity, the economic architect of ancient ... Indeed, hard to find the world's capital has a long history of thousands of years, now is the "capital" of Vietnam modern.
Mentioned Hoang Thang Long is referred to the continuity of cultural classes Ly - Tran - Le was carefully hidden underground, but without surprise excavations in 2003 at 18 Hoang Dieu shall remain confidential , still just the words written in the history data, the maps quite profiles. Professor Phan Huy Le monument is called "the relics of the" business of Thang Long, from which to understand a lot about architecture, about cultural identity, the combination of nature (adapted and advantage), combining thoroughly waterway transport, handling space ...
Of the popular architecture of Thang Long Imperial City did not also how much (ie, lost remote Hue), the most precious and oldest far only the power of the telescope and Le Doan Mon Mac (post-Le), Forbidden City is no longer little, The Citadel only a few paragraphs, single cell door just in District Attorney ... But the discovery of 18 Hoang Dieu enough proved invaluable to the economic value of Thang Long thousand years ago from left in the ground, that makes it fortunate enough when thanks to the conservation of ground that we, and generations of children, more opportunities will study and learn history.
Each city has a fixed value but only its own it, the Thang Long Imperial comparison with the Co Loa ancient capital, Hue and Hoa Lu is intended to affirm the value added is extremely rare sites of The Citadel , ancient capital of Thang Long culture in 1000. Professor Phan Huy Le, chairman of Vietnam's history of Science and Professor Phan Khanh was very consistent in putting out the interesting perspective of this comparison.
According to Professor Phan Huy Le, and evidence analysis and research archaeologists have confirmed for sure Loa is the oldest capital city, is the earliest buildings of the entire region of Southeast Asia. From the third century BC (about 2,300 in this way), a business with a large enough scale to a total of three rounds over 16 km as Loa is extremely rare. Capital Cities Loa also take advantage of natural river Hoang Giang thoroughly when connected to the system in the proud, to be swept back from that across the northern plain, the Red River, Thai Binh river, to the Continental Early Giang, Bridge on the River, River Trade, Luc Ngan river. Value of the sites located in Co Loa site: is the oldest business in Southeast Asia.
Undergone several transformations thousand years, traces of the three rounds into the ground is not much longer, are severely sexually abused. Efforts to "rescue" Loa appears as "harmful" to the other surviving traces more. Fortunately for longer underground Loa both a treasure, according to Prof. Phan Khanh. Have found the space here, and only a hole where archaeologists found the couple ten thousand arrows, new in 2005 also discovered an entire underground weapons production facilities, with the stove, a teacher molds , casting the same arrows arrows we have discovered here.
Fortunately for Loa, as even the capital for several decades, then go through ups and downs than 2,000 years, including the variation, then the remnant, and is the soul of the ancient capital is still there, has urged the generation of post-birth cosset preserve historical value.
Capital Hoa Lu is there a special historical role, even exist in the non half-century (from 968 to 1010, when Ly Thai To, the first king of the Ly Dynasty, decided to move capital to Thang Long ). Reply by Prof. Phan Khanh, the first king of Vietnam's reunification "have built capital Hoa Lu on dangerous terrain, take advantage of natural conditions with limestone cliffs and river system to citadel ", creating an" army to "take serious computer defense. Professor Phan Huy Le also stressed several factors to "natural time, local interest, of peace" of economic Hoa Lu ancient capital. In essence, the capital of Hoa Lu bring more business to fall into, relevant in the "fight" more than political stability, promoting culture, expand the economy.
Huellas arquitectura Ly - Tran agujero en D4 - D6 (zona D)
Hue is the cultural heritage of the world's first Vietnam is recognized by UNESCO. Professor Phan Huy Le appreciate the architecture of the ancient capital Hue, by the result of cultural exchange, to acquire a western heritage. That is whether the time is not very long capital, just half a century young (from 1802 to 1945), and, again very young age compared to the ancient capital, Hue is recognition of the very respectfully world. "For example to say much about Hue, which is free for anyone to feel the value," said Professor Phan Khanh so on the last business in Vietnam.
Back on the past, asked the Co Loa, Hoa Lu, or the ancient capital of Hue, as we better understand the precious value of Thang Long Royal, the "superior class, especially on the thickness and contact time continue. Archaeological excavations have identified traces of the University of La over 1000 years ago. Then the supply of electricity, the economic architect of ancient ... Indeed, hard to find the world's capital has a long history of thousands of years, now is the "capital" of Vietnam modern.
Mentioned Hoang Thang Long is referred to the continuity of cultural classes Ly - Tran - Le was carefully hidden underground, but without surprise excavations in 2003 at 18 Hoang Dieu shall remain confidential , still just the words written in the history data, the maps quite profiles. Professor Phan Huy Le monument is called "the relics of the" business of Thang Long, from which to understand a lot about architecture, about cultural identity, the combination of nature (adapted and advantage), combining thoroughly waterway transport, handling space ...
Of the popular architecture of Thang Long Imperial City did not also how much (ie, lost remote Hue), the most precious and oldest far only the power of the telescope and Le Doan Mon Mac (post-Le), Forbidden City is no longer little, The Citadel only a few paragraphs, single cell door just in District Attorney ... But the discovery of 18 Hoang Dieu enough proved invaluable to the economic value of Thang Long thousand years ago from left in the ground, that makes it fortunate enough when thanks to the conservation of ground that we, and generations of children, more opportunities will study and learn history.
Thursday, July 29, 2010
Overseas composer dedicates work to Hanoi’s 1,000th anniversary
The French composer of Vietnamese descent Nguyen Thien Dao has devoted almost a year to the creation of a 60-minute work dedicated to the 1,000th anniversary of Hanoi-Thang Long.
Called “Soul of Vietnamese fatherland”, the work is comprised of 16 movements, which involve performances of a symphony orchestra and a traditional Vietnamese band, both traditional and modern-style dances, and a demonstration of Tay Son drums.
The work also includes the recitation of General Ly Thuong Kiet’s poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” (Rivers and Mountains of the Southern nation), which is considered Vietnam’s ‘first declaration of independence’, General Tran Hung Dao’s “Hich Tuong Si” (Proclamation to the Officers), and scholar Nguyen Trai’s “Binh Ngo Dai Cao” as well as a screen displaying film clips of Vietnam’s victory over the French at Dien Bien Phu and the unification of the country in 1975.
Dao, who has been named in France’s “Le petit Larousse” and “Le Petit Robert” dictionaries, the US’s “Who’s who?” and the UK’s “Who’s who in music”, said he felt honoured to create the work depicting the heroism the nation has upheld throughout the course of building and defending the country.
Binding his life to music for more than a century, the composer has thus far created 86 works of instrumental music and won many awards from international musical competitions.
In 1983, Dao was presented with the French Fine Arts Academy’s “Andre Caplet” award and the French Government’s “Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres”.
Recently, the composer has written works for major musical events held by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Vietnam Musicians’ Association, such as “Tay Nguyen”, “Khoc To Nhu”, “Ba me Viet Nam”, “Phu Dong”, “Mau va Hoa”, and “My Chau-Trong Thuy”.
His “Enlightenment” concert dedicated to Buddha was performed by 500 instrumentalists and singers at the closing session of the 2008 United Nations Vesak in Vietnam.
Another of Dao’s symphonic works, called “Hon thieng song nui” (Sacred soul of rivers and mountains), will be performed at the “Vietnam – my fatherland” musical gala to welcome the country’s first ever conference for overseas Vietnamese in Hanoi on November 21-24.
Composer Dao and 14 other overseas Vietnamese were honoured by the Vietnamese State in 2005 for their contributions to the nation./.
Called “Soul of Vietnamese fatherland”, the work is comprised of 16 movements, which involve performances of a symphony orchestra and a traditional Vietnamese band, both traditional and modern-style dances, and a demonstration of Tay Son drums.
The work also includes the recitation of General Ly Thuong Kiet’s poem “Nam Quoc Son Ha” (Rivers and Mountains of the Southern nation), which is considered Vietnam’s ‘first declaration of independence’, General Tran Hung Dao’s “Hich Tuong Si” (Proclamation to the Officers), and scholar Nguyen Trai’s “Binh Ngo Dai Cao” as well as a screen displaying film clips of Vietnam’s victory over the French at Dien Bien Phu and the unification of the country in 1975.
Dao, who has been named in France’s “Le petit Larousse” and “Le Petit Robert” dictionaries, the US’s “Who’s who?” and the UK’s “Who’s who in music”, said he felt honoured to create the work depicting the heroism the nation has upheld throughout the course of building and defending the country.
Binding his life to music for more than a century, the composer has thus far created 86 works of instrumental music and won many awards from international musical competitions.
In 1983, Dao was presented with the French Fine Arts Academy’s “Andre Caplet” award and the French Government’s “Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres”.
Recently, the composer has written works for major musical events held by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Vietnam Musicians’ Association, such as “Tay Nguyen”, “Khoc To Nhu”, “Ba me Viet Nam”, “Phu Dong”, “Mau va Hoa”, and “My Chau-Trong Thuy”.
His “Enlightenment” concert dedicated to Buddha was performed by 500 instrumentalists and singers at the closing session of the 2008 United Nations Vesak in Vietnam.
Another of Dao’s symphonic works, called “Hon thieng song nui” (Sacred soul of rivers and mountains), will be performed at the “Vietnam – my fatherland” musical gala to welcome the country’s first ever conference for overseas Vietnamese in Hanoi on November 21-24.
Composer Dao and 14 other overseas Vietnamese were honoured by the Vietnamese State in 2005 for their contributions to the nation./.
UNESCO to attend capital city’s 1,000th birthday
Representatives of 193 UNESCO members have passed a resolution on the participation in the grand ceremony to mark the millennial anniversary of Thang Long-Hanoi in October, 2010.
The adoption was made at the 35 th UNESCO General Assembly session on Oct. 22.
According to Pham Sanh Chau, Head of the Foreign Ministry’s Foreign Relations Culture and UNSECO, UNESCO participation in the event is not only an honour for the Hanoians but also for all Vietnamese people.
The news, together with the election of Vietnam to UNESCO’s executive council for the 2009-2013 period, prove the international community’s recognition to the Southeast Asian country’s role, position and contributions to UNESCO./.
The adoption was made at the 35 th UNESCO General Assembly session on Oct. 22.
According to Pham Sanh Chau, Head of the Foreign Ministry’s Foreign Relations Culture and UNSECO, UNESCO participation in the event is not only an honour for the Hanoians but also for all Vietnamese people.
The news, together with the election of Vietnam to UNESCO’s executive council for the 2009-2013 period, prove the international community’s recognition to the Southeast Asian country’s role, position and contributions to UNESCO./.
PM okays celebration plan for capital’s 1,000th birthday
The Prime Minister has approved a grand ceremony to mark the 1,000 th anniversary of the founding of Thang Long-Hanoi, with the highlight being a ten-day festival from Oct 1-Oct 10, 2010.
The festival will start with an opening ceremony at the foot of King Ly Thai To monument and streets around Hoan Kiem (Sword) lake.
A series of activities will follow, including exhibitions, art performances and sports event.
To mark the event, a national press competition on Thang Long-Hanoi was launched on June 10.
Addressing the launching ceremony, Chairman of the Hanoi People’s Committee Nguyen The Thao stressed the significance of the competition, which aims to encourage not only journalists but also all Vietnamese people at home and abroad to write on the topic.
The organising board will receive entries in the forms of articles for printed and online newspaper, photo and programmes for television and broadcasting from January 2 to August 19, 2010./.
The festival will start with an opening ceremony at the foot of King Ly Thai To monument and streets around Hoan Kiem (Sword) lake.
A series of activities will follow, including exhibitions, art performances and sports event.
To mark the event, a national press competition on Thang Long-Hanoi was launched on June 10.
Addressing the launching ceremony, Chairman of the Hanoi People’s Committee Nguyen The Thao stressed the significance of the competition, which aims to encourage not only journalists but also all Vietnamese people at home and abroad to write on the topic.
The organising board will receive entries in the forms of articles for printed and online newspaper, photo and programmes for television and broadcasting from January 2 to August 19, 2010./.
